1 Natural Responses to Scheduled Rewards. - I. Abstract. - II. The Quest for Reinforcement. - III. The Ant in a Maze. - IV. Reward Is Circular. - V. Reward Is Relative. - VI. Reward Is Reversible. - VII. Reward Is Displaceable. - VIII. Arbitrary Operants or Directed Respondents. - IX. The Coping Organism and the Artificial Niche. - X. Needs Receptors and Neural Circuits. - XI. Summing Up: The OrganismInformation Approach. - XII. References. - 2 Imitation: A Review and Critique. - I. Abstract. - II. Introduction. - III. History. - IV. Current Status. - V. Conclusions. - VI. Acknowledgments. - VII. References. - 3 Behavioral Aspects of Predation. - I. Abstract. - II. Introduction. - III. Experimental Component Analysis. - IV. Searching Images. - V. Hunting by Expectation. - VI. Search Paths. - VII. Niche Hunting and Profitability. - VIII. Optimization Models of Predator Behavior. - IX. General Conclusions and Summary. - X. Acknowledgments. - XI. References. - 4 Orientation of Birds by Geomagnetic Field. - I. Abstract. - II. Introduction. - III. The Geomagnetic Field. - IV. Magnetic Field Perception. - V. Conclusion. - VI. Acknowledgments. - VII. Appendix I. - VIII. Appendix II. - IX. Appendix III. - X. References. - 5 Describing Sequences of Behavior. - I. Abstract. - II. Introduction. - III. Sequences Within the Individual. - IV. Sequences of Interaction Between Individuals. - V. Discussion. - VI. Acknowledgments. - VII. References. - 6 Specific and Nonspecific Factors in the Causation of Behavior. - I. Abstract. - II. Introduction. - III. Models and Operations: Aspects of Classification and Analysis of Behavioral Control Systems. - IV. Integrative Specificity Literature: An Overview. - V. Displacement Activities: A Case Study. - VI. Synopsis and Extrapolation: A Boundary-State Approach. - VII. Résumé. - VIII. Acknowledgments. - IX. References. - 7 Social Displays and the Recognition of Individuals. - I. Abstract. - II. Introduction. - III. Observing Social Behavior. - IV. Social Behavior of Individual Animals. - V. Social Structures in Groups of Individuals. - VI. Differentiation of Relationships Between Individuals. - VII. Methods Available for Studying Social Differentiation. - VIII. Conclusions. - IX. Acknowledgments. - X. References. - 8 Does the Holistic Study of Behavior Have a Future?. - I. Introduction. - II. The Phenomena: The Morning Song of the Swainson's Thrush. - III. The Phenomena: Diagonal or Rhomboidal Patterning in Other Taxa. - IV. The Interpretation of Orderly Patterning. - VI. Perceptual Gating Arrays and the Concept of Distributed Control. - VII. But Is It Art?. - VIII. References. Language: English