In Smallpox in Washingtonamp39s Army Disease War and Society during the Revolutionary War the author argues that smallpox played an integral role in military affairs for both the British and Continental armies and impacted soldiers and civilians throughout the War for American Independence. Due to the Royal armyamprsquos policy of troop inoculation and because many British soldiers were already immune to the variola virus the American army was initially at a disadvantage. Most American colonists were highly susceptible to this dreaded disease and its presence was greatly feared. General George Washington was keenly aware of this disadvantage and despite his own doubts embarked on a policy of inoculation to protect his troops. Use of this controversial innovative and effective medical procedure leveled the playing field within the armies. However by 1777 smallpox spread throughout America as soldiers interacted with civilian populations. Once military action moved south American and British auxiliary troops and the enslaved Southern population all succumbed to the disease creating a disorderly dangerous situation as the war ends. Washingtonamprsquos implementation of isolation policies as well as mass troop inoculation removed the threat of epidemic smallpox and ultimately protected American soldiers and civilians from the dangers of this much feared disease.