Political sociology has struggled with predicting the next turn of transformation in the MENA countries after the 2011 Uprisings. Arab activists did not articulate explicitly any modalities of their desired system although their slogans ushered to a fullydemocratic society. These unguided Uprisings showcase an openended freedomto question after Arabs underwent their freedomfrom struggle from authoritarianism. The new conflicts in Egypt Syria Yemen and Libya have fragmented sharamprsquoiya legitimacy into distinct conceptualizations ampldquorevolutionary legitimacyamprdquo ampldquoelectoral legitimacyamprdquo ampldquolegitimacy of the streetamprdquo and ampldquoconsensual legitimacy.amprdquo This volume examines whether the Uprisings would introduce a replica of the European Enlightenment or rather stimulate an ArabIslamic awakening with its own cultural specificity and political philosophy. By placing Immanuel Kant in Tahrir Square this book adopts a comparative analysis of two enlightenment projects one Arab still under construction with possible progression toward modernity or regression toward neoauthoritarianism and one European shaped by the past two centuries.Mohammed D. Cherkaoui and the contributing authors use a hybrid theoretical framework drawing on three tanwiri enlightenment philosophers from different eras Ibn Rushd known in the west as Averroes the twelfth century Immanuel Kant the eighteenth century and Mohamed Abed AlJabri the twentieth century. The authors propose a few projections about the outcome of the competition between an Islamocracy vision and what Cherkaoui terms as a Demoslamic vision since it implies the Islamist movementsamprsquo flexibility to reconcile their religious absolutism with the prerequisites of liberal democracy. This book also traces the patterns of change which point to a possible Arab Axial Age. It ends with the trials of modernity and tradition in Tunisia and an imaginary speech Kant would deliver at the Tunisian Parliam